They have also been used to replace or substitute civilian courts during periods of martial law or temporary military rule over enemy territory. It has been a longstanding U.S. practice that ...

with rivaling parties engrossed in a power struggle following the president’s suspension over his failed attempt to enforce martial law. The government run by substitutes faces a critical test ...

Shortly after the martial law announcement ... "(The ministry) has clearly named substitutes and they are carrying out their duties," Jeon said in a press briefing earlier in the day.